The Dota 2 map has three lanes carved into it: top, middle (mid), and bottom (bot). Lane creeps provide heroes with the essential early game gold and experience needed to propel them into a strong mid-game. Although the three lanes look similar, there are small differences that dictate what kind of heroes perform well in those lanes.
Getting gold and experience
Gold is given for every killing blow that you land on a creep, hero, or structure. It is important to practice last hitting by simply playing a hero and getting a feel for how well or how badly they last hit.
Experience is given for every dead enemy and is split among friendly heroes near where the kill happened. This means that one hero in a lane will get all the experience from dead creeps whereas two heroes in a lane will split the experience between them.
You can also use your attack command and attack your own creeps once they are low health. If you land the last hit on your own creep, you deny the enemy gold and experience.
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The Safe Lane
Also known as the easy lane or short lane, the safe lane is probably where you will be spending a lot of time as a beginner. An important thing to note is the distance between tier 1 (outermost) and tier 2 (2nd outermost) towers. Now compare that distance to the distance between tier 1 and tier 2 towers in the offlane, or hard lane.
The distance between towers is greater in the safe lane- it means that if players are caught overextended or out of position, they won't have to run too far back to get back within the safe comfort of their towers. Because one can get the gold they need with relative safety, the bottom lane is usually reserved for a carry: a hero that really needs items to be useful.
A lot of times, that hero will also be accompanied by a support who will babysit the other hero by harassing the enemy offlane, setting wards to gain vision of the enemy offlane, help set up kills for the carry, etc. The carry will focus on last hitting whereas the support stays on top of denying.
The Offlane
Also known as the hard lane or long lane, the offlane is opposite of safe lanes. If a player is caught overextended or out of position, they will have a harder time getting back to safety than a safe lane hero.
Offlane heroes emphasize escape abilities and mobility. There will be times when an enemy safe lane dominates the lane and all you can do is stand around for experience, but that's fine. Good offlane heroes will also usually have utility skills that aid them well in the mid-game.
Generally speaking: stay safe, don't dive too far, and if you can't do anything, just sap experience. If you are having a rough time, you can ask your mid hero to maybe ambush and kill the enemy safe lane heroes, slowing their gold advantage.
The Mid Lane
This is where the Boss Tweeds of your team face off in a 1 v 1, mono v mono battle royale. Because this is a 1 v 1 situation, both heroes will be getting full experience from creeps. Knowledge of match-ups and abilities is critical. Mid heroes must also have map awareness and be wary of ambushes from the enemy team. I don't exactly recommend going mid as a beginner- it's a lot of things at once and can be frustrating for newer players.
mid lane is where the space jam happens
Lane properties also highlight the importance to putting the right heroes in the right place. You don't want a slow hero without any utility in the early game in the offlane- he own't be able to escape. You don't want two melee carries in the safe lane- there will be no way to harass the enemy.
Look over hero skills on the Dota 2 wiki and most importantly, ask for help. If you're not sure where to go or which hero to pick, ask your teammates. Watch gameplay videos of how a hero is played and try to apply what you learned in a real match.
Again, the goal is to get as much gold and experience in lane during the early game as possible. The most important thing is to continue to contest your lane and force the enemy out of their lane while also keeping yourself safe.
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